Below is an in-depth technical guide to the six essential tools every DIY mechanic needs. You’ll learn each tool’s construction, operating principle, selection criteria, step-by-step usage, and maintenance tips to ensure safe, efficient repairs at home.

1. Socket and Ratchet Set

Socket and ratchet assemblies allow you to loosen and tighten fasteners without constantly swapping tools.

Construction & Operating Principle

Sockets are hollow steel cylinders sized to fit hex or bi-hex fasteners. The ratchet handle houses a pawl and gear that click into place, converting back-and-forth motion into continuous rotation.

Selection Criteria

• Material: Chrome-vanadium or chrome-molybdenum steel with nickel plating

• Drive sizes: ⅜″ for light work, ½″ for most automotive tasks

• Socket range: 8 mm–24 mm for passenger cars, up to 32 mm for light trucks

• Ratchet: Fine-tooth mechanism (72+ teeth) for narrow swing angles

Usage Steps

1. Select the socket that fits snugly over the bolt or nut.

2. Attach it to the ratchet, then set the directional switch (tighten/loosen).

3. Apply smooth, controlled force—avoid sudden jerks that can round off fastener edges.

Maintenance

• Wipe clean after each use and lightly oil the ratchet mechanism.

• Store sockets in their designated case to prevent loss and corrosion.

2. Torque Wrench

Achieving the manufacturer’s specified torque prevents thread damage, leaks, and component failure.

Types & Principles

• Click-type: Emits an audible “click” at the preset torque

• Beam-type: Uses a deflecting beam and scale to indicate torque

• Electronic: Provides digital readout and alerts

Selection Criteria

• Torque range: 20–200 Nm for most cars, 50–350 Nm for light trucks

• Accuracy: ±4% or better

• Drive size matches your socket set (⅜″ or ½″)

Usage Steps

1. Dial in the required torque on the handle scale.

2. Position the socket on the fastener and apply force slowly.

3. Stop immediately when you hear or feel the click (click-type) or read the beam/electronic scale.

Calibration

Have click-type wrenches calibrated every 6–12 months or after 5,000 uses to maintain accuracy.

3. Combination Wrench Set

Handy for tight spaces where a socket cannot fit.

Design & Function

Each wrench has an open-end jaw on one side and a boxed, 12-point or 6-point ring on the other. The open end provides quick engagement; the ring end delivers full torque.

Selection Criteria

• Sizes: Include at least 10 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, 17 mm, 19 mm

• Material: Heat-treated chrome-vanadium steel, hardness HRC 45–60

• Finish: Polished or satin to resist rust

Usage Tips

• Approach the fastener with the open end first, then switch to the ring end for final torque.

• Always pull, never push, to maintain control and prevent slipping.

Maintenance

• Clean with a mild solvent and wipe dry.

• Hang on a pegboard or store in a tray to avoid misplacing.

4. Screwdriver Set

Essential for interior trim, electrical components, and small fasteners.

Types of Blades

• Phillips: PH0 to PH3 for recessed cross-head screws

• Slotted: 3 mm to 10 mm for flat-head screws

• Torx (as bonus): T15–T40 for many modern fasteners

Handle & Shaft Construction

• Shafts: Hardened S2 or Cr-V steel

• Handles: Ergonomic, non-slip grips; some insulated for electrical work

Usage Guidelines

• Match the blade size exactly to the screw recess to avoid cam-out.

• Keep the blade perpendicular to the screw to preserve bit shape.

Maintenance

• Inspect tips regularly; replace or reshape chipped bits.

• Store in a dedicated holder to prevent mixing sizes.

5. Pliers Variety

A versatile trio for clamping, cutting, and gripping.

Recommended Types

• Combination pliers for general gripping and wire cutting

• Needle-nose pliers for reach-in work and small clips

• Locking pliers (Vise-Grips) for holding or turning stubborn parts

Material & Features

• Forged chrome-vanadium steel with corrosion-resistant finish

• Ergonomic, oil-resistant grips

• Locking mechanism with adjustable jaw gap

Usage Techniques

• For cutting, position cable near the pivot to use maximum leverage.

• Adjust locking pliers slowly to avoid over-crushing parts.

Maintenance

• Lubricate pivot points with light machine oil.

• Wipe off debris to prevent jaw misalignment.

6. Hydraulic Jack & Jack Stands

Lifting and securely supporting the vehicle is critical for under-car access.

Function & Safety Roles

• Hydraulic jack raises the car using fluid pressure.

• Jack stands bear the vehicle’s weight while you work.

Selection Criteria

• Jack capacity: Minimum 2 ton for small cars, 3–5 ton for SUVs or light trucks

• Jack stands: Rated equal to or above jack capacity, wide base for stability

Safe Lifting Procedure

1. Park on a flat surface and engage parking brake.

2. Place wheel chocks on opposing wheels.

3. Position the jack under the manufacturer’s jacking point and pump to desired height.

4. Slide jack stands under rigid frame points, then gently lower the jack until the weight settles on stands.

Maintenance

• Inspect seals for leaks and keep hydraulic fluid topped up.

• Clean and lightly oil the adjustment screw on stands.

Quick Comparison Table

Investing in these six tools equips you for the majority of DIY maintenance and repairs. To maximize safety and tool longevity:

• Purchase from reputable manufacturers with clear torque and capacity specifications.

• Follow calibration, lubrication, and storage guidelines strictly.

• Always wear proper safety gear and verify stability before working under your vehicle.

Happy wrenching—and stay safe!

Additional topics you might find helpful next:

• Advanced diagnostic scanners and OBD-II troubleshooting

• Brake bleeding and hydraulic system maintenance

• Proper disposal and recycling of automotive fluids

• Building a mobile tool cart for organized workflow

Where to buy the best auto repair tools at the most reasonable prices and with guaranteed quality? You can easily find them at QTE Technologies. QTE Technologies is a proud global MRO provider, serving customers in over 180 countries. Established in 2010, we supply over 1 million products across all industries and engineering disciplines. Additionally, you can reach us anytime via 24×7 chat support, phone, WhatsApp or email. Discover what our valued customers have to say about our services on our dedicated review page.

Post Author By QTE Technologies Editorial Staff (with a solid background in both technical and creative writing - accumulated 15+ years of experience).